NASA Science Mission Directorate SmallSat Coordination Group: State of NASA Science with SmallSats

NASA recognizes the value and impact of SmallSats, from CubeSats to ESPA-class satellites, for high-value science missions to support exploration through innovative technologies. With SmallSats, we are able to, more nimbly, perform targeted science, prove out new technologies and innovation, and educate and train our engineers and scientists for the workforce of tomorrow. Across six divisions of the Science Mission Directorate (SMD), over 11 years, SMD has funded 73 CubeSat / SmallSat Missions and 56 Studies to date. Currently, SMD has 44 small spacecraft science missions (67 spacecraft) in implementation or formulation. The goal of this paper is to provide background of efforts to promote implementation of SmallSats within NASA as a balanced portfolio for the agency’s science, technology and exploration analysis and to provide latest observations and trends of SmallSat missions and studies funded by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) through Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES), Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx), as well as certain Small Explorer (SMEX) and Medium Explorer (MIDEX) calls over the last 11 years. The data source of this assessment is a subset of the NASA SmallSat Coordination Group Database, a collection of all known funded NASA SmallSat and CubeSat missions and studies. This paper recognizes the latest observations and trends of the NASA CubeSat / SmallSat Science missions with masses ranging between 1kg to 500kg

New Gilman-type lithium cuprate from a copper(II) salt: synthesis and deprotonative cupration of aromatics

International audienceDeprotonative cupration of aromatics including heterocycles (anisole, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, thiophene, furan, 2- fluoropyridine, 2-chloropyridine, 2-bromopyridine and 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine) was realized in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature using the Gilman-type amido-cuprate (TMP)2CuLi in situ prepared from CuCl2*TMEDA through successive addition of 1 equivalent of butyllithium and 2 equivalents of LiTMP. The intermediate lithium (hetero)arylcuprates were evidenced by trapping with iodine, allyl bromide, methyl iodide and benzoyl chlorides, the latter giving the best results. Symmetrical dimers were also prepared from lithium azine and diazine cuprates using nitrobenzene as oxidative agent

In Vitro And In Vivo Study On The Identification Of Compounds That Alleviate Aβ42 Associated Neurodegeneration

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurological disorder globally. Its mechanism includes the distinctive aggregation of extracellular senile plaques made up of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain. Among the Aβ isomers secreted in the brain, Aβ42 is the most neurotoxic and aggressive. Regardless of the immense research on AD, the full pathogenesis of this disease remains unknown. The main aim of this study was to identify compounds that are able to alleviate Aβ42’s negative effects

Advancing Technology for NASA Science with Small Spacecraft

NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is strategically promoting the use of small spacecraft to advance its science portfolio. Related to this effort are an increasing number of targeted investments in instrument- and platform-based technologies, which are critical for achieving successful science missions with small spacecraft. Beginning in 2012, SMD’s technology programs began to accommodate the use of CubeSats for validation of new science instruments. Since that time the Directorate has expanded the use of CubeSats and small satellites not only for validating instruments for future, conventional-class missions but also to enable a new class of focused science missions that fill an important role in democratizing scientific discovery. To enable such missions, the Directorate has recently modified the portfolios of the Agency’s technology programs to accommodate this need. This paper outlines some of the processes that are used to craft the technology solicitations and discusses some of the recent selections that have been made. It is intended to help future proposers of small satellite missions to better understand the opportunities available through NASA technology solicitations

Pancytopenia in a patient with grave's disease

Pancytopenia can rarely complicate Grave's disease. It can be due to uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis or as a result of rare side effect of antithyroid medication. Pernicious anemia leading to Vitamin B12 deficiency is another rare associated cause. We report a case of a patient with Grave's disease and undiagnosed pernicious anemia whom was assumed to have antithyroid drug induced pancytopenia. Failure to recognize this rare association of pernicious anemia as a cause of pancytopenia had resulted in delay in treatment and neurological complication in our patient

Direct metalation of heteroaromatic esters and nitriles using a mixed lithium-cadmium base. Subsequent conversion to dipyridopyrimidinones.

International audienceAll pyridine nitriles and esters were metalated at the position next to the directing group using (TMP)(3)CdLi in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The 2-, 3-, and 4-cyanopyridines were treated with 0.5 equiv of base for 2 h to afford, after subsequent trapping with iodine, the corresponding 3-iodo, 2-iodo, and 3-iodo derivatives, respectively, in yields ranging from 30 to 61%. Cyanopyrazine was similarly functionalized at the 3 position in 43% yield. Ethyl 3-iodopicolinate and -isonicotinate were synthesized from the corresponding pyridine esters in 58 and 65% yield. Less stable ethyl 4-iodonicotinate also formed under the same conditions and was directly converted to ethyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)nicotinate in a two-step 38% yield. All three ethyl iodopyridinecarboxylates were involved in a one-pot palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction/cyclization using 2-aminopyridine to afford new dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]pyrimidin-11-one, dipyrido[1,2-a:4',3'-d]pyrimidin-11-one, and dipyrido[1,2-a:3',4'-d]pyrimidin-5-one in yields ranging from 50 to 62%. A similar cross-coupling/cyclization sequence was applied to methyl 2-chloronicotinate using 2-aminopyridine, 2-amino-5-methylpyridine, and 1-aminoisoquinoline to give the corresponding tricyclic or tetracyclic compounds in 43-79% yield. Dipyrido[1,2-a:4',3'-d]pyrimidin-11-one and dipyrido[1,2-a:3',4'-d]pyrimidin-5-one showed a good bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa . Dipyrido[1,2-a:2',3'-d]pyrimidin-5-one and pyrido[2',3':4,5]pyrimidino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-8-one showed a fungicidal activity against Fusarium and dipyrido[1,2-a:4',3'-d]pyrimidin-11-one against Candida albicans . Ethyl 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)nicotinate and dipyrido[1,2-a:2',3'-d]pyrimidin-5-one have promising cytotoxic activities, the former toward a liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and the latter toward a human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7